Epidemiology of Prostate Tumors in Inpatient Care at the Islamic Clinic of Adamaoua

Background: Prostate tumors are common causes of urinary disorders after 50 years of age. Despite therapeutic advances, they remain an important source of mortality. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, PSA assay, and prostate biopsy, while management is mainly surgical, possibly requiring a multidisciplinary approach in case of malignancy. Objectives: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of prostate tumors at the Islamic Clinic of Adamaoua. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, in medical records of patients managed for prostate tumors between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, at the clinic. Results: A total of 4549 hospitalizations were recorded, 890 (19.6%) for prostate tumors. The majority of patients (96.63%) came from other healthcare centers, reflecting the referral role of the clinic. The age group mode was 60 - 69 years, with an average age of 67.31 ± 9.8 years. This elderly population is the typical clientele for prostate pathologies. Among these patients, 52.58% had moderate symptoms and 43.48% had severe symptoms according to the IPSS score, highlighting the need for early screening and management. The main reasons for consultation were dysuria (80.40%) and acute urinary retention (25.84%), reflecting prostate obstruction. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (47.64%) and diabetes (8.43%). Notably, 76.07% of patients had used traditional treatment before their consultation, underscoring the importance of an integrated approach. From an anatomical perspective, nearly 40% of patients had a transurethral catheter, and one-third had a bladder globe, indicating the significance of prostate obstruction. On imaging, 57.98% had a moderately enlarged prostate, and 39.89% had a large prostate, the classic characteristics of benign hyperplasia. Histological analysis revealed 49.01% benign lesions, 21.24% intraepithelial neoplasia, and 15.62% adenocarcinomas, mostly of high grade, highlighting the need for appropriate management. Regarding management, 95.47% of patients with benign hyperplasia underwent surgical treatment, mainly transurethral resection (82.42%). The high 1-year (98.80%) and 5-year (98.20%) survival rates reflect the effectiveness of this surgical management in this context. Conclusion: Prostate tumors are common in the northern regions of Cameroon. Dysuria is the main reason for consultation, and the diagnosis is made by combining digital rectal examination and paraclinical data (medical imaging and biology). Histologically, it is benign hyperplasia in 3/4 of the cases, and cancer had non-negligible proportions. Surgical treatment is endoscopic in 83.6% of cases. The prognosis of cancer is poor due to delayed diagnosis, lack of infrastructure, and the absence of a multidisciplinary approach in the locality.