The Effects of Semaglutide Combined with Dapagliflozin on SOD, CAT, and 2hPBG Levels in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Whose Conditions Were Not Well Controlled by Metformin

目的：评估对于实施二甲双胍治疗后病情控制欠佳的老年2型糖尿病病人中，再结合司美格鲁肽、达格列净治疗的成效以及对病人过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPBG)水平的影响。方法：抽选病例65例，研究时间选自2024年1月~2025年1月，将其以随机数字表法划分为2个小组，即对照组(n = 32，接受达格列净治疗)和观察组(n = 33，再结合司美格鲁肽治疗)，评估2组的整体治疗成效及不良反应占比情况。结果：经合理处理后，两个月血糖、2hPBG和HbAlc指数均优于正常组(P β三个维度上，上述两个维度的水平都有下降趋势，而后者则明显高于对照组(P χ2 = 0.185, P = 0.667)。结论：对接受二甲双胍治疗后病情控制不良的老年2型糖尿病患者而言，同时予以司美格鲁肽和达格列净治疗，更具安全性和有效性。Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of combining semaglutide and dapagliflozin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose conditions were not well controlled by metformin, as well as the effects on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) levels. Methods: A total of 65 cases were selected from January 2024 to January 2025 and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: the control group (n = 32, treated with dapagliflozin) and the observation group (n = 33, treated with semaglutide in addition to dapagliflozin). The overall therapeutic efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were assessed in both groups. Results: After appropriate treatment, the levels of blood glucose, 2hPBG, and HbA1c were significantly better in the observation group compared to the control group (P β-cell function (HOMA-β), the levels of FINS and HOMA-IR decreased, while HOMA-β was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P χ2 = 0.185, P = 0.667). Conclusion: For elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose conditions were not well controlled by metformin, the combination of semaglutide and dapagliflozin is more effective and safer.