Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>-Based Stress Sensing Fiber Modulator for Dichromatic Mode-Locking

Abstract Fiber optic sensing technology, with its low transmission loss, wide bandwidth, and broad dynamic range, offers significant advantages for high-sensitivity measurements. In this study, a multi-band soliton modulation system for stress sensing is proposed, utilizing Ti 3 C 2 T x to generate ultrashort pulses. By applying stress to microfibers, dichromatic periodic multisoliton mode-locking at 1530 nm and 1555.2 nm is achieved. Vibrational mechanical stress further modulates cross-phase interactions between solitons, inducing higher-order bound solitons with small-amplitude oscillations. These dynamic processes reveal complex nonlinear optical behaviors and enhance sensing capabilities. Additionally, the feasibility of stable mode-locking of Ti 3 C 2 T x in a 1 μm multimode cavity is analyzed using the multimode nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and multisoliton states are experimentally demonstrated by integrating a 1 μm narrow-linewidth ultrafast multimode laser with a stressed microfiber.