Research on throughput calculation algorithms for low Earth orbit satellite constellations

The throughput calculation for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations necessitates addressing the core challenge of deeply coupled dynamic topological evolution, multi-dimensional link capacity constraints, and spatiotemporal traffic heterogeneity. This study proposes a systematic framework integrating dynamic topology modeling, service traffic characterization, and throughput analysis to establish a capacity evaluation system for multi-service LEO constellations. By leveraging time-expanded graph theory and orbital mechanics equations, the dynamic topology model constructs a state transition matrix to precisely characterize the periodic evolution of inter-satellite connectivity, overcoming the limitations of static topology analysis. For traffic modeling, the framework innovatively develops a dual-mode traffic model for remote sensing downlink and regional communication services, capturing the former’s periodic burst patterns and the latter’s geographic hotspot aggregation. The throughput calculation methodology couples dynamic topologies with inter-satellite/ground link capacity boundaries and spatiotemporal traffic characteristics, enabling multi-constraint joint analysis to derive maximum system throughput and identify critical bottlenecks in link bandwidth allocation. The research outcomes provide quantitative throughput metrics and bandwidth utilization profiles, supporting capacity planning, transmission bottleneck diagnosis, and constellation configuration optimization—such as orbital parameter adjustments, inter-satellite link deployment, and ground infrastructure planning—for LEO systems operating in complex multi-service environments. This work bridges theoretical modeling and engineering design, offering a scalable foundation for global coverage and efficient resource coordination in next-generation satellite networks.