The recurrence and multi-organ involvement of giant penile plexiform neurofibroma in an adult with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report

This case report describes a rare adult patient with neurofibromatosis type 1, presenting with recurrent giant penile plexiform neurofibroma accompanied by multiple neurofibromas involving the prostate, bladder, and retroperitoneum. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of manifestations represents the first reported case. The patient underwent only percutaneous nephrostomy to alleviate symptoms, without pursuing additional treatment. Follow-up evaluations indicated a stable clinical course, suggesting that certain NF1 patients may achieve long-term stability without aggressive therapeutic intervention. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluation, prolonged surveillance, and multidisciplinary management for NF1 patients, particularly those with extensive and atypical disease manifestations. Treatment decisions should consider a balance between patient preferences and the natural progression of the disease. This report offers valuable insights into the management of similar cases.