Efficacy of combined rigid and flexible ureteroscopy for complex ureteral stones in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Combined rigid and flexible ureteroscopy offers a promising approach for managing complex ureteral stones in T2DM patients, providing better early stone clearance, reduced postoperative complications, and improved recovery outcomes compared to percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Risk factors for postoperative sepsis in this patient population include older age, female gender, higher BMI, preoperative urine culture positivity, and elevated CRP and FPG levels. Further studies are necessary to confirm long-term benefits and optimize sepsis prevention strategies.