THE ROLE OF TOCILIZUMAB IN TREATMENT OF COVID-19

Introduction and Aim: COVID-19, especially severe in the elderly, causes symptoms ranging from mild to critical organ failure and death. Treatments have included chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and corticosteroids. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody blocking the IL-6 receptor, offers a promising biological therapy by reducing inflammation and possibly lowering thrombosis risk in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence on tocilizumab’s mechanism and its role in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted using terms: “tocilizumab in COVID-19”, “interleukin-6 in COVID-19”, “interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab”, and “COVID-19 and inflammation”. Filters included Free Full Text, Clinical Trial, Randomized Clinical Trial, within the last 10 years. Results: Studies show that tocilizumab reduces inflammation, shortens hospitalization, and accelerates recovery in COVID-19 patients, especially those with respiratory failure not yet on mechanical ventilation. Additionally, tocilizumab exhibits anticoagulant effects, potentially reducing thrombosis risk. Conclusion: Originally used for rheumatologic diseases, tocilizumab shows therapeutic potential in COVID-19 by lowering inflammation and reducing mechanical ventilation needs, improving clinical outcomes. However, inconsistent study results highlight the need for further large, well-designed clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and safety.