Pre- and post-operative complications associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery; a prospective study at Afridi Medical Complex, Peshawar

Background: Treatment for coronary heart diseases involve the use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the procedure is associated with certain complications including, systemic inflammation, postoperative atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, infection of the sternal wound, stroke, graft failure, and renal dysfunction. Objectives: To determine the early complications and per-operative parameters of patients who had CABG surgery. Methods: All patients who received CABG surgery at the hospital from January 2019 through December 2022 were included in the study population. Patients who were at least eighteen years old and had undergone primary CABG surgery met the inclusion criteria. Aortic cross-clamp time, the quantity and kind of grafts used, the length of cardiopulmonary bypass, and the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) were among the operational factors that were evaluated. One of the main outcomes was postoperative complications, which included the rate of atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, stroke, wound infection, renal failure, and respiratory issues. Results: The study included 473 individuals who were having primary CABG surgery. The patients' average age was 63.2 ± 9.8 years. A total of 331 patients (70%) were men, and 142 patients (30%) were women. A total of 142 (30%) patients experienced postoperative complications. Atrial fibrillation accounted for the majority of complications, occurring in 56 patients (39%); wound infection followed in 38 patients (27%), respiratory problems in 19 (13%), myocardial infarction in 9 (6) %, stroke in 5 (4%), and renal failure in 15 patients (11%). Conclusion: The study's findings highlight the high incidence of wound infections, respiratory problems, and atrial fibrillation as postoperative consequences of CABG surgery. The findings highlight the necessity of careful postoperative observation and comorbidity treatment in order to enhance patient outcomes.