Unani perspective on polycystic ovarian syndrome: A traditional approach to modern ailment

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disorder commonly characterized by menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, and obesity, often linked to the presence of multiple cysts in the ovaries. The global incidence of PCOS (5–6%) is rising rapidly due to changes in lifestyle and increased stress levels, particularly affecting adolescents and women of reproductive age. Approximately 20% of infertility cases are attributed to ovulatory dysfunction caused by PCOS.In the Unani system of medicine, PCOS is referred to as Marz Akyas Khusyutur Rehm, an Arabic term for this condition. Classical Unani physicians have described it under disorders involving amenorrhea, obesity, phlegmatic diseases, and uterine dysfunctions. According to Unani theory, PCOD is primarily caused by an imbalance of khilt -e-Balgham (phlegm), leading to key symptoms such as amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and obesity.It is believed that the predominance of phlegm results in cyst formation, hormonal imbalance, and reproductive dysfunction. Unani medicine interprets PCOS through the lens of Sue-Mizaj (derangement of temperament), especially Sue-Mizaj Barid Yabis (cold and dry temperament), which negatively impacts ovarian function and ovulation. Unani treatment emphasizes correcting the mizaj (temperament) using a combination of: Ilaj Bil Ghiza (diet therapy), Ilaj Bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy), and Ilaj Bil Tadbeer (regimental therapy).These therapeutic approaches aim to restore normal menstrual cycles, enhance fertility, reduce obesity, and improve overall health. Integrating traditional Unani principles with modern clinical knowledge offers a holistic and promising approach to managing PCOS.