Assessment of DNA damage by the DNA comet assay in comorbid patients with cardiological and endocrinological profiles

Relevance. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and the commonality and interrelation of their pathogenetic mechanisms determine the frequent development of comorbidity associated with high mortality rates, disability, and lower quality of life. The development of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases is based on oxidative stress, under which DNA damage occurs. In the last two decades, the relationship between DNA damage and the development and progression of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular lesions, and the possibility of using DNA damage as a biomarker have been actively studied. Objective. Based on the analysis of currently available studies, to establish a relationship between the occurrence and accumulation of DNA damage with the development of comorbid pathology, including CVD and type 2 diabetes. Methods. An analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, RSCI and eLibrary. It was decided to review studies assessing the association of DNA damage with MS, T2DM and CVD, and, based on the results obtained, to draw conclusions about the possible impact of comorbidity for these conditions on DNA structure. Results. The results of the studies allow us to conclude that the development and progression of MS and associated T2DM and CVD are associated with the accumulation of high levels of DNA damage. It is important for comorbid patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension to consider the possible genotoxic effect of the prescribed drug therapy. Conclusion. The studies presented in this review demonstrate a strong correlation of DNA damage determined by the DNA comet assay with metabolic disorders and markers of oxidative stress. The determination of DNA damage has prognostic value for comorbid patients and is a valuable biomarker that facilitates the early detection and treatment of combined cardiovascular and endocrine pathology.