The effect of aluminum chloride on rat bones under conditions of high sugar diet

Relevance. The long-term war in Ukraine has led to extreme contamination of combat areas with compounds of various metals that are part of equipment and ammunition. Aluminum is an essential component of the pollution. Prolonged intoxication causes accumulation of aluminum in the human body, which can stimulate the development of diseases in various organs, including the bone system. Consumption of foods high in sugar to compensate for emotional and physical stress can increase the impact of aluminum due to the negative effects of large doses of sugar on the human body. Objective. To investigate the effect of aluminum chloride AlCl3∙6H2O (AС) on the density and organic-mineral composition of bones in white rats against the background of prolonged consumption of high-sugar diet. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out for 56 days on male rats with an initial weight of 63–70.1 g, divided into four groups of 10 animals each: 1 – intact (complete standard food), 2 – AC intoxication on the background of a complete diet (CD), 3 – high-sugar diet (HSD), 4 – AC intoxication on the background of HSD. A modified Bugayova’s and Nikitin’s diet (2023) with a sugar content of 57 % was used as a HSD. Aluminum intoxication was created by daily administration of AC at a dose of 240 mg/kg in the form of a 12 % aqueous solution orally. Density, dry matter (DM), organic (OM), and mineral (MC) components were determined in femurs, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae by gravimetric methods, and bone volume index was calculated. Results. The intake of AС reduced bone density by 0.4–1.7 % against the background of a complete diet, by 2.6–6.4 % against the background of a high-sugar diet, the content of DM in bones – by 0.2–1.8 % and 6.7–10, 0 %, the content of MC – by 0.6–6.5 % and 11.7–29.4 %, increased the content of OC in the femur and tibia by 1.0–3.7 % and 6.7–7.0 %, respectively, in accordance with the consumption of these diets. In the lumbar vertebrae, the addition of AC led to a slight decrease in organic content. AC inhibited mineralization and simultaneously enhanced the synthesis of OC in tubular bones, which led to an increase in relative bone volume and a decrease in bone density. Consumption of a high-sugar diet leads to an increase in the negative effect of aluminum chloride on the bone state.