Evaluating Green Space Design Alternatives Using Sustainable Thresholds: A Case Study of Bayti Residential Complex, Najaf, Iraq

This study evaluates green space design alternatives in the Bayti residential complex, Najaf, Iraq, using the concept of sustainable thresholds as a comprehensive planning and assessment tool. The research addresses the lack of integrated sustainability criteria in green space design within emerging urban environments, where climate adaptation, social inclusion, and economic resilience are often neglected. A descriptive-analytical methodology was adopted, incorporating ENVI-MET climate simulation and the LEED-ND v4.1 evaluation system. Three design alternatives were proposed to enhance thermal comfort, spatial equity, and local economic activation. The results revealed that the first alternative achieved the highest performance, significantly improving surface temperature distribution, social interaction, and access to services, while integrating economic functions through flexible green spaces. The study confirms that applying sustainable threshold indicators from the early stages of planning enhances decision-making and ensures better environmental, social, and economic outcomes. It recommends adopting threshold-based frameworks in residential green sector design and integrating simulation tools to align with climatic and contextual needs.