MEMBANGUN TEORI MAKROEKONOMI ISLAM YANG BERKEADILAN: ANALISIS PRINSIP ANTI RIBA DALAM QS. AL-BAQARAH 278-279 SEBAGAI FONDASI SISTEM EKONOMI SYARIAH

Islamic macroeconomics aims to realize an economic system that is just, sustainable, and in accordance with sharia principles. One of its main foundations is the prohibition of usury as emphasized in Surah Al-Baqarah verses 278–279. This verse not only strictly prohibits the practice of usury, but also warns of the spiritual and social consequences for violators. Through a normative and analytical approach, this paper examines how the anti-usury principle can form a theoretical framework for Islamic macroeconomics that is different from the conventional capitalist system. The focus of the study includes the influence of the prohibition of usury on economic stability, wealth distribution, and economic justice. In addition, this paper highlights the role of sharia instruments such as zakat, alms, and real sector investment as fair and inclusive alternatives. The results of the analysis show that the application of the anti-usury principle has the potential to create a more humane economic system that is oriented towards collective welfare. Thus, the verses of the Qur'an not only have spiritual value, but can also be a normative basis for building a fair and applicable macroeconomic theory.