Most Significant Factors Affecting the Survival of Patients with Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Cardiac arrest, the sudden loss of heart function, often strikes without warning. Immediate medical intervention is not only critical, but it is also a lifeline for these patients. Without prompt action, cardiac arrest is usually fatal. Resuscitation. This study explores key factors that influence the survival of patients experiencing cardiac arrest in prehospital settings. The primary aim of this study is to thoroughly investigate and identify the most crucial factors influencing the survival of patients experiencing cardiac arrest in pre-hospital settings. Material and Methods: An extensive review of global and local literature focused on studies involving patients of various age groups who underwent prehospital Resuscitation. Key factors affecting survival outcomes in prehospital cardiac arrest were tracked and analyzed. Results: Large meta-analyses reveal that data from 37 Emergency Medical Services across Europe indicate a one-year survival rate following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of approximately 20.7%. From 2016 to 2023, the Emergency Medicine Center in Pristina resuscitated 576 patients, achieving an average one-year survival rate of 8.8%. Timely defibrillation of ventricular fibrillation is crucial, potentially increasing survival rates by up to 90%. However, each minute of delayed defibrillation reduces survival rates by about 10%. This highlights the crucial role of Emergency Medical Services in ensuring timely intervention. Optimal defibrillation occurs within 3 to 5 minutes after cardiac arrest. Healthcare professionals must be equipped to perform both basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques to improve outcomes. Conclusion: The success of resuscitation depends on the time elapsed between cardiac arrest and the initiation of resuscitation measures. Early intervention with basic life support techniques significantly increases the chances of survival. However, it is not solely the responsibility of professionals. The community also plays a vital role. Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are a safe and effective method, especially when applied promptly in cases of cardiac arrest.