Evaluation of Immediate Renal and Metabolic Dysfunction in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) neonates have both transient and long-lasting effects on the neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, gastrointestinal tract, renal, metabolic, and hematologic as well as coagulation systems. Both the disease process and the treatment option of “therapeutic hypothermia” can cause hemodynamic instability. HIE causes damage to almost every tissue and organ. It has both transient and long-lasting effects on the renal and metabolic system of the neonates. Objective: To assess Renal and metabolic functions in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates. Methods: This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi over a period of 2years from July 2021 to June 2023. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, a total number of 70 neonates with HIE stage II and III were included in this study. Data was collected and analyzed by using the ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, 24-version. A chi-square test was used to see the relationship of organ dysfunctions between stage II and stage III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates. Results: Out of 70 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy neonates, 55.70% neonates had stage-II and 44.30% had stage-III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Mean age of the neonates was 10.81±8.08 hours, about 68.60% were male and 31.40% were female. More than half of the patients, 51.40%, had renal and metabolic dysfunctions. Conclusion: Ischemic injury to renal and hepatic parenchyma is not uncommon. There was statistically significant relationship of age and renal as well as metabolic dysfunction of neonates with stags of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively).