Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy for Optimizing Truss Structures with Discrete Variables

This article presents an optimization approach utilizing the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy algorithm (CMA-ES) for the optimal design of truss structures with discrete variables under various loading conditions. The model uses CMA-ES to optimize design variables, specifically the cross-sectional areas of the truss bars. Evaluation data are generated by testing different cross-sectional configurations through structural analysis of the trusses, with the aim of minimizing the mass of the structure while respecting stress and displacement limits. CMA-ES is then employed to efficiently navigate the design space and identify the optimal configuration. This method was applied to three planar and spatial truss examples, with results compared to literature studies to validate the approach’s effectiveness and robustness. The optimization results highlight the exceptional performance of the CMA-ES algorithm in achieving optimal solutions and demonstrating efficient convergence behavior.