Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Management

This review systematically examines the pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic performance of nintedanib in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Initially, the pathogenesis of IPF is delineated, including its pathological progression, molecular underpinnings, and the limitations of conventional therapies such as glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Subsequently, the multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties of nintedanib are elaborated, focusing on its capacity to antagonize PDGFR, FGFR, and VEGFR signaling pathways. Clinical trial data from the TOMORROW and INPULSIS studies are analyzed to validate its efficacy in slowing forced vital capacity (FVC) decline and improving patient-reported outcomes. Safety profiles, including common adverse events like diarrhea, are also critically assessed. As the first FDA-approved agent for IPF, nintedanib represents a paradigm shift in fibrosis management, though long-term survival benefits require further investigation.