Exploring the Mechanism of Amygdala Volume Change in Patients with Bipolar Disorder at Different Stages

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, relapsing psychiatric condition marked by recurrentepisodes of mania or hypomania and depression. It is primarily divided into Type I, Type II, and cyclothymia disorder. This paper employs a literature review method to explore the mechanisms behind the differences in amygdala volume changes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) at different stages. By comparing the increased amygdala volume in newly diagnosed BD patients with the decreased volume in long-term BD patients, the study aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms. The article will delve into the changes in amygdala volume from three perspectives: neuroinflammation, dysregulation of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, and the effects of lithium salts. The study concludes that BD patients at different stages exhibit distinct influences on amygdala volume changes in neuroinflammation, dysregulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway, and the effects of lithium salts.