Resource Allocation in Hybrid and Aggregated VLC-RF Systems

This paper comprehensively reviews resource allocation strategies in hybrid and aggregated visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) systems. Leveraging the complementary characteristics of VLC and RF technologies, these systems aim to enhance data rates, energy efficiency, and system fairness. The study synthesizes recent advancements in optimization algorithms, including convex optimization, heuristic approaches, and emerging machine learning techniques, addressing critical challenges such as incomplete channel state information (CSI), user fairness, handover latency, and interference coordination. The analysis identifies the strengths and limitations of hybrid and aggregated systems under varying conditions by analysing key research contributions. The results demonstrate that hybrid systems offer greater adaptability in low-capacity environments, while aggregated systems are more energy-efficient when capacity is high. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of using artificial intelligence to manage resources in a flexible way. This summary offers important information for the creation of future wireless communication systems.