Facile synthesis of Ge3N4@C nanostructures for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

This study investigates the electrochemical performance of Ge 3 N 4 @C composites as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Unlike traditional Ge-based composites, this work uniquely combines nanoscale Ge 3 N 4 particles with a uniform dopamine-derived carbon layer to form a unique composite structure that effectively alleviates volume expansion and enhances conductivity. The structures of the composites were systematically characterized and the electrochemical performance of Ge 3 N 4 @C in lithium-ion batteries was tested. The results demonstrate that carbon coating significantly improves the conductivity and cycling performance of Ge 3 N 4 . The Ge 3 N 4 @C composite achieves a high discharge capacity of 841.58 mAh g −1 , outperforming pure Ge 3 N 4 (577.34 mAh g −1 ) and maintaining a high reversible capacity after 50 cycles. The material also exhibits excellent rate performance across various current densities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirm the successful formation of a carbon layer around the Ge 3 N 4 nanoparticles. By synergizing nanocrystallization-driven strain tolerance with dopamine-derived interfacial optimization, this work establishes a new paradigm for designing robust nitride-based LIB anodes and may offer scalable pathways for stabilizing high-capacity electrodes in the near future. • Nanostructured Ge 3 N 4 @C solves conductivity/expansion issues in nitride anodes. • High capacity of 841.58 mAh g −1 (0.1 A g −1 ) highlights superior lithium storage. • 92 % capacitive contribution (1.0 mV s −1 ) ensures ultrafast kinetics and stability. • Synthesized via hydrothermal GeO 2 and urea-derived NH 3 nitridation. • Multi-technique characterization analysis confirms structural integrity and carbon functionality.