Exploring Interfaces and Propellant Formulations for Lunar-Based Facilities

Establishing a permanent lunar-based human colony is a major undertaking and requires numerous interdependent parts. This paper presents an overview of propellant formations, manufacturing considerations, rocket design, and interfaces to lunar vehicle systems. Four propellant formulation options will be proposed, all with an emphasis on conserving ice reserves on the lunar surface. Considerations will be made regarding launch pad design and location, assuring the human landing site is an adequate distance from human habitation. Lunar lava tubes offer the most promising option for this habitation site, given their size and protection from galactic radiation. A major objective of this study is to provide a means of support that will allow human access to lunar resources, such as Helium-3. This exploration, in alignment with in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) efforts, seeks to extend human activities beyond Earth.