Marshall Enriched Storable Oxidizer (MESO) for Space Power, Propulsion, and Thermal System Applications

One of the most significant future needs for space technology development and infrastructure is for robust, low cost and mature systems that can provide on-demand power, “multi-mode” propulsion systems for missions, and thermal management. Increasingly lengthy missions coupled with variable “response time to orbit” needs challenge tandem flexibility requirements. This places a premium on development of storable propellants with high-performance, and if possible, dual use applications to produce electrical power and balance thermal system applications. Based on previous efforts for DARPA and working with NASA MSFC, it was discovered combining nitrogen tetroxide and nitrous oxide would yield an innovative self-pressurizing, non-cryogenic liquid oxidizer, with propulsion performance characteristics approaching that of liquid oxygen. Called Marshall Enriched Storable Oxidizer (MESO), it can also be used to generate electricity in a fuel cell. And based on current efforts for the U.S. Army, the ability to provide for breathable, synthetic air from the decomposition of nitrous oxide can also utilize the enthalpy generated to drive a thermoelectric generator. Combinations of propulsion, power, and even life-support system ramifications, coupled with thermal capacity, could be beneficial for deep space exploration. This paper touches on lunar / deep space manned or robotic mission aspects for the seemingly simplistic needs of keeping systems warm, while simultaneously enabling operations needing propulsion or power. A goal is that by describing current efforts, it will initiate dialog at ASCEND and beyond for future synergistic and tandem collaborations, eventually yielding successful off-world activities for humanity.