WITHDRAWN: Effects of Nonlinearities in Thermodynamic and Transport Properties on Turbulent CO₂ Mixing Layers at Supercritical Conditions

This study looks at how turbulent mixing layers behave over time when using supercritical carbon dioxide, focusing on how the flow and turbulence are affected by the complex thermodynamic properties of the fluids involved. Supercritical fluids exhibit marked deviations from ideal gas behavior, particularly near critical conditions, characterized by steep gradients and large variations in density (ρ), temperature (T), pressure (P), isothermal compressibility (α), and thermal expansion coefficient (β). Using high-fidelity Wall-Resolved Large Eddy Simulation (WRLES) methods, an extensive temporal analysis is conducted within four carefully selected points along the flow's centerline. The results describe large temporal variations in the thermodynamic variables that reflects heterogeneous responses to the variations in pressure and temperature locally within the flow domain. Specific correlations are found between steep transitions in the properties of the fluids and increased production of turbulent structures. Lastly, a manipulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is presented, and provides novel insight that indicates effects of critical thermodynamic properties such as isothermal compressibility and thermal expansion coefficient. These quantities modulate the temporal evolution of the turbulent field with resulting implications for practical supercritical engineering systems.