Experimental Validation of Dual-Head Electromagnetic Propulsion Through Rack and Pinion Integration

Electromagnetic propulsion presents a transformative approach to addressing the global pursuit of cleaner, more sustainable propulsion systems by offering an alternative to conventional combustion-based engines. Unlike fossil-fuel-driven systems, electromagnetic propulsion harnesses clean energy through electromagnetic forces to generate motion. The Dual Head Electromagnetic (DHEM) propulsion system exemplifies this innovation by inducing linear oscillatory motion using polarity-switching electromagnets controlled by the magnetic piston’s position. This oscillation is converted into continuous, unidirectional rotational motion via a uniquely designed rack and pinion mechanism. This paper presents the development and demonstration of an electric motor based on the DHEM concept, integrated with a 3D-printed rack and pinion system. The assembly mirrors the configuration of an inline opposed piston engine and is applicable in various domains including aerospace, automotive systems, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), where reliable, uninterrupted rotational output from linear oscillations is essential. This work builds on two previous studies: AIAA 2023-77028, which introduced the original rack and pinion conversion mechanism for DHEM systems, and AIAA 2025-2730, which proposed modifications to the rack tooth geometry for improved performance and demonstrated a simplified prototype using permanent magnets and BO motors. The present study offers a refined demonstration of the complete electromechanical system and provides an integration-ready control code for real-world implementation (demonstration link).