WITHDRAWN: Dust Dispersion for Polydisperse Particle Medium Due to Plume Impingement During Lunar Landing Using a Two-Way Coupled DSMC-DEM Framework

This study introduces a novel numerical framework to simulate gas-particle two-phase flow for plume surface interaction with lunar regolith with polydisperse particle size distribution. The model integrates a two-way coupled dusty-gas flow model within a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo-Discrete ElementMethod framework. This approach enables probabilistic gas-gas collisions and deterministic grain-grain interactions. A key innovation is the incorporation of a multiphase fluid-solid two-way coupling method, which macroscopically models the momentum and energy exchange between the fluid and particle phases. We investigate the impact of a polydisperse particle size distribution on gas and grain phase behavior, as well as dust erosion, and compare the findings to those obtained using a monodisperse distribution. This research provides a robust, physics-based approach to improve predictions of plume surface interactions during descent and landing missions to planetary bodies, such as the Moon.