Biomimetic Metal–Organic Antioxidant Eye Drops for Corneal Neovascularization: Visible-Light-Triggered CO Release for Microenvironment Regulation

As the primary photosensitive region, the ocular surface is susceptible to significant oxidative stress and inflammation. The development and progression of corneal neovascularization (CNV) are closely associated with these conditions. By utilizing the photosensitive properties of the cornea, we present novel biomimetic antioxidant eye drops capable of releasing carbon monoxide (CO) gas signaling molecules under visible light. Using Mn-TCPP, Bpy-COOH, Zr(IV) chloride octahydrate, and Mn(CO)₅Br co-assembly and then coating with anti-VEGFR2 single-chain antibody genetically engineered cell membrane vesicles (ScFv) successfully synthesize the nanomedicine ZrMn/CO@ScFv. Administered through eye drops, the nanomedicine effectively inhibits oxidative stress and reduces local edema and inflammation. Meanwhile, it can inhibit the expression of angiogenic factors CD31 and VEGF and effectively treat neovascularization. The synergy of antioxidant and gas therapy is confirmed as a safe and productive strategy for CNV management.