Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection in the United States and a leading cause of nongenetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This article reviews the epidemiology and diagnosis of CMV infection, with an emphasis on the effects of congenital infection on fetal and neonatal health. Recognition of early signs of infection and prompt testing in the neonate are imperative to prevent or decrease the severity of long-term sequelae, including SNHL. This article also highlights the importance of congenital CMV screening and audiology follow-up in infants, and it provides an overview of specialty interventions, possible treatment, related education, and prevention in women of reproductive age.