IMPACT OF AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN GDAŃSK: EX-POST ANALYSIS

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness and long-term impact of infrastructure investments implemented at Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport between 2010 and 2015. The study evaluates whether the planned operational capacity was achieved and explores the socio-economic and environmental effects on the surrounding region. Design/methodology/approach: An ex-post evaluation approach was applied, combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Airport performance indicators such as passenger traffic, runway operations, and financial stability were examined alongside spatial and demographic data from neighbouring areas. The research is grounded in regional growth theory and sustainable infrastructure frameworks and incorporates elements of cost-benefit assessment. Findings: The findings confirm that the main objectives of the investment were fulfilled. The airport exceeded the 5-million-passenger threshold in 2019, validating the expansion strategy. Technical enhancements (e.g., ILS CAT IIIb, increased hourly operations) and improved connectivity supported job creation, land value growth, and urban development. However, challenges such as transport congestion, spatial conflicts, and environmental pressures highlight the need for integrated spatial and infrastructure planning. Research limitations/implications: The research is limited to pre-pandemic data and does not fully capture the long-term outcomes of newer investments. Future studies should examine post-COVID trends, climate resilience, and regional integration within EU transport policy. Practical implications: The paper provides evidence-based insights for policy-makers and infrastructure managers, showing how airport development can support regional strategies and attract complementary investment. It underscores the need for aligning technical capacity with spatial policy and public service infrastructure. Social implications: The investment improved accessibility and quality of life in the Tri-City region. However, it also exposed tensions in local planning and land-use policy. The study suggests that future infrastructure projects should ensure stronger public participation and environmental safeguards. Originality/value: This paper offers a comprehensive ex-post evaluation of a major EU co-financed airport project in Central Europe. It demonstrates the catalytic role of airport infrastructure in regional transformation and contributes empirical evidence relevant to development planning and policy implementation.