An analysis of Noise Pollution in Residential Areas of Kalar-Kurdistan-Iraq

Noise pollution is a persistent environmental issue that affects both public health and overall quality of life. In urban areas like Kalar City, elevated noise levels can disrupt daily activities, cause stress, and contribute to long-term health complications. This study aims to assess the environmental noise pollution in Kalar using an SL720 sound level meter to quantify sound intensity and determine its broader impact. Measurements were conducted at various times throughout July and August—specifically at 7:00–11:00 a.m., 12:00–2:00 p.m., 5:00–6:00 p.m., and 8:00–11:00 p.m.—to capture variations in noise exposure during different periods of the day.The findings indicate that Kalar City's daytime mean equivalent noise level varies from 43 dBA to 69 dBA. Notably, the nighttime mean equivalent noise level is almost as high as the daytime levels, ranging from 56 dBA to 83 dBA. This suggests that noise pollution remains a constant concern throughout the day and night, potentially affecting residents’ sleep quality and overall well-being. Further analysis of the data reveals that the Central Business District of Kalar records the highest day-night noise level at 89 dBA, while the lowest level was observed at a different location, measuring 62 dBA. The study also determined that the city’s overall average day-night noise level stands at 72.6 dBA, reflecting a considerable degree of noise exposure across different urban zones.Based on these findings, targeted measures, such as urban planning adjustments, noise barriers, and stricter regulations on industrial and transportation-related noise, could help reduce excessive sound exposure. Increasing public awareness and encouraging community-driven initiatives may also play a vital role in fostering a quieter and healthier environment. By addressing these concerns, urban residents can experience improved living conditions and lower risks associated with prolonged noise pollution.Keywords: Sound Pressure Level (SPL), pollution, Environmental noise, Decibel, Kalar.