A novel Pd complex coated on TiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles

This study presents the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles using commercially available precursors, including FeCl₂·4H₂O and C₁₂H₂₈O₄Ti. The nanoparticles were coated with a silica layer and subsequently functionalized with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES). To further enhance their properties, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (QDA) was attached to the nanoparticles' surface. A novel palladium (Pd) complex was then immobilized on the functionalized TiFe₂O₄ MNPs, resulting in a magnetically recoverable, highly efficient, and selective nanocatalyst. Comprehensive characterization of the nanocatalyst was carried out using techniques such as VSM, XRD, EDS, SEM, BET, TGA, XPS, TEM, FT-IR, and ICP. The results demonstrated that the TiFe₂O₄@n-Pr@QDA-Pd nanocatalyst exhibited excellent efficiency, notable selectivity, and impressive reusability in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives via [3 + 2] cycloaddition between sodium azide (NaN₃) and organic nitrile derivatives.