Impact of Learning Modality on Calculus Achievement: Traditional versus Flexible Learning Ubiquitous Experience

There are different learning modalities in education. These modalities pertain to the various approaches used in delivering educational content. Each modality has unique characteristics. In this study, the traditional learning and the FLUX modality are being considered. Traditional learning is commonly used modality that existed before the onset of the pandemic. It is a conventional way of learning where instruction is delivered face to face in a physical classroom. In this modality, student has direct interaction with instructors, engage in in-person discussions and immediate receive feedback. For flexible learning ubiquitous experience or the FLUX method, students can choose whether to attend the synchronous session, face to face or participate asynchronously. With FLUX, there is flexibility in learning and scheduling, and the opportunity to engage in different modalities simultaneously enhances the students’ performance.