Cyber-Driven Adaptive Distributed Secondary Control for AC Microgrid Under Dynamic Conditions

Microgrids (MG) with distributed generations (DGs), communication networks, and power electronic control are regarded as cyber-physical systems, which are often subjected to various uncertainties and unpredictable disturbances. Therefore, an effective control strategy is necessary for achieving the MG performance in challenging situations such as load perturbations and plug and play (PnP) operation. This paper proposes a distributed adaptive controller to effectively handle unknown uncertainties, external disturbances, and unmodelled dynamics. The proposed controller adapts the operation of backstepping (BS) and sliding mode controller (SMC), where the BS controller tracks the nominal voltage of the DG, and SMC provides robustness in face of uncertainties. Lyapunov theory is applied to develop an adaptive mechanism that allows for the adjustment of control parameters to accommodate various operating conditions. The robustness of the proposed controller is validated under load perturbations, PnP functionalities. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through simulations in MATLAB/ Simulink, and by comparing its performance with the conventional distributed averaging based controller. From the obtained results, it is observed that the proposed controller outperforms the distributed averaging controller during both transient and steady state conditions.