Digital Transformation and E-Service Development in the Kyrgyz Republic

Today, digital transformation in the Kyrgyz Republic is becoming a key area of government policy, particularly in light of the rapid growth in demand for electronic services and inclusive technological solutions. The purpose of this study is to assess regional differences and socio-demographic features of digitalization in the Kyrgyz Republic, and to identify barriers and drivers of digital transformation. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating desk analysis of regulatory and strategic documents, statistical data, and international ratings, as well as a mass survey (N = 1102 respondents) and 18 in-depth interviews with representatives of government agencies, businesses, and NGOs. Descriptive statistics methods were employed for quantitative analysis, and qualitative data were analysed using thematic coding. The initial data indicate a significant disparity between regions and age groups: in 2024, 65% of households had access to fixed Internet, but in Bishkek this figure reached 91%, while in Batken region it was only 47%. Digital literacy among young people (aged 18-29) is 81%, while for citizens aged 60 and above, it is only 44%. The results show that the key barriers to digitalization are lack of infrastructure (28% of respondents), high cost of services (23%) and problems with information security (18%). However, educational initiatives and the development of regional infrastructure are among the proposed solutions that are being considered. Future research should focus on developing a digital inclusion index, creating models for assessing cyber resilience, and examining mechanisms to enhance trust in electronic services among vulnerable populations.