Microbial signatures and ARGs profiles in two coastal ecosystems of Shenzhen under distinct anthropogenic influences

Megacity coastal areas, under human activity pressure, are recognized as reservoirs of human pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the dynamics and potential health risks under different anthropogenic stressors remain unclear. In this study, surface seawaters were sampled from Shenzhen's western (SZW) and eastern (SZE) coasts, considering the influences of intensive population and industrial activities, as well as tourism and recreational activities. This study revealed distinct microbiomes and selective enrichments of heavy metals and ARGs in SZW and SZE areas, with correlations between most ARGs with <i>intl1</i>. The microbiome-ARG co-occurrence network of SZE was more complex, containing diverse human pathogens and ARGs, highlighting health risks even in low-population density recreational areas. Hub pathogens and ARGs may contribute to shaping these networks, and have the potential to serve as new indicators for different coastal human disturbances. These findings aid in developing strategies for urban coastal sustainability and mitigating antimicrobial resistance.