ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AND STRUCTURE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMAYIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN CHILDREN

Congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (CMGIT) rank fourth in the structure of congenital malformations in newborns. The aim is to analyze the factors and structure of congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in children. Methods. A retrospective cohort epidemiological study of CMGIT in Chernivtsi region was conducted with a detailed analysis of probable factors for the development of defects in 96 children with CMGIT. The comparison group consisted of 96 children without CMGIT. The main unit of information storage was the “Questionnaire of the examined child”, on which all data were recorded and combined with a single code that was automatically generated for each child and processed by generally accepted methods of variational statistics in medicine. Ethics committee approval was received for this study. The research design and all the methods used in this study were reviewed and approved by the bioethics commission of the Bukovinian State Medical University (protocol No. 4, dated 12//2024). Results. Among all CM, the share of CMGIT was 9.9%. The first ranking place in the structure of CMGI belongs to anal atresia (13.5%), the second - to esophageal atresia (12.5%), the third - pylorospasm (11.5%). The least common were pancreatic defects (3.1%), Hirschsprung's disease and eventration of intestinal loops (4.1%). Every fourth child had a combination of CMGIT with malformations of other organs. If a child had CMGIT, the pregnancy proceeded with toxicosis of the first and second trimesters, (35.4% and 29.2%, respectively). Anemia of the first half of pregnancy, the threat of abortion, and fetoplacental insufficiency occurred more often in mothers who gave birth to children with CMGIT. 23.8% of women during pregnancy with a child with CMGIT had a respiratory tract infection or exacerbation of chronic pathology of other organs and systems. Examination for the presence of infection with intracellular pathogens during pregnancy revealed specific IgG in 15.6% of cases of birth of children with CMGIT. Signs of morphofunctional immaturity and asphyxia during childbirth were more often observed in children with CMGIT (18.8% and 15.6%, respectively). Mothers of children with CMGIT more often took medications during pregnancy. Conclusion. Congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract are highly prevalent, often combined with other malformations. In the structure of congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract, atresia of the anus and esophagus prevail. The identified probable factors of congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract include toxicosis of pregnancy, fetoplacental insufficiency, anemia and infections in the mother, use of medications during pregnancy, bad habits, intrauterine infections, morphofunctional immaturity of the fetus, premature birth.