Sonographic Findings in Pathology of the Penis

Introduction: In this article, we describe the sonographic appearance of the normal penis and define the features of three pathologies. Recognition of anatomy and the normal sonographic appearance serves as the baseline for sonographers to become proficient in completing a thorough evaluation. Methods: This case series will discuss three pathological processes in the penis: Peyronie disease, low-flow priapism, and an infected penile epidermoid inclusion cyst. Clinical presentations, sonographic findings, and tips on obtaining diagnostic images will be described. Results: Sonographic examination of the penis, though well established in the literature, can be a challenging exam for sonographers, given the limited exposure in most ultrasound training programs and in daily practice. We spoke with many sonographers to determine their experiences in this area of sonography in order to provide helpful advice and scanning tips. Included are normal penile anatomical appearances as well as sonographic findings in three pathologies. We will provide suggestions on how to make patients comfortable during an exam that most find compromising. Discussion: While sonography for penile pathology can be challenging, it is a valuable tool for diagnosis and treatment. This article aims to equip sonographers with a review of anatomy, physiology and pathology of the penis. This guide outlines the sonographic features of normal anatomy and three pathological conditions encountered in routine sonographic practice.