Short-Term Intake of Euphorbia tirucalli Latex Modifies Kidney Function in Rats: Possible Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response

Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for generations, often without scientific validation. <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> (<i>E. tirucalli</i>), a plant native to Africa, is commonly employed in folk medicine for treating various ailments, including cancer. However, most studies involving this species are limited to in vitro models, and its systemic effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of <i>E. tirucalli</i> latex on renal function in healthy Wistar rats. Animals were divided into two groups: a control group receiving water and a treated group receiving <i>E. tirucalli</i> latex (13.47 mg/kg) by gavage for 15 days. Renal function was assessed by measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Additionally, oxidative stress markers, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and inflammatory activity were analyzed in renal tissue. <i>E. tirucalli</i> significantly reduced GFR, RPF, and RBF, while increasing RVR and MAP. Renal tissue exhibited elevated levels of advanced oxidation protein products, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite/hydroxyl radicals. These findings indicate that <i>E. tirucalli</i> latex adversely affects renal hemodynamics and promotes oxidative and inflammatory damage, suggesting potential nephrotoxic effects, even in healthy subjects.