An Analytical Study of Socio-economic Categories Benefited under the MGNREGA Programme in Southern Rajasthan, India

The Government of India launched the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2006, initially as NREGA, and expanded it in 2009 to cover all states, including Jammu and Kashmir. Implemented in three phases, MGNREGA now encompasses all districts across India. The scheme has significantly contributed to employment generation and poverty alleviation, particularly in Rajasthan, which records one of the highest participation rates in the country. It serves as a crucial source of livelihood, especially during non-agricultural seasons when farming opportunities are limited. The study was conducted in Southern Rajasthan, focusing on Dungarpur and Rajsamand districts, selected for their highest number of families completing 100 days of MGNREGA work. From each district, two blocks were chosen, and five villages per block were randomly selected, total of 20 villages. A sample of 240 beneficiaries was interviewed face-to-face using a structured schedule for data collection. The findings revealed that various categories of people benefited under the program, with their respective Mean Per cent Scores (MPS) and ranks. The most benefited group was Scheduled Tribes (STs), ranked 1st, followed by rural households living below the poverty line (2nd), youth and unskilled workers in rural areas (3rd), Scheduled Castes (SCs) (4th), and women (5th). In total, ten categories of beneficiaries were identified in the study. Based on the study, MGNREGA should focus on inclusive participation of marginalised groups like STs, SCs, women and rural poor. Local institutions need to be strengthened for effective implementation and monitoring. Linking MGNREGA with skill development programs can enhance long-term livelihood opportunities. Timely wage payments, better worksite facilities, and asset creation should be prioritised. Regular awareness, convergence with other schemes and evaluations will further improve the program’s impact.