Ideational Factors and Regime Security in Post-Arab Spring Realignments: Analyzing Türkiye-Gulf Arab States Relations (2011-2022)

This study examines the complex dynamics shaping relations between Türkiye and the Gulf Arab States in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. It addresses the central question: "How has the Arab Spring reconfigured alignments between Sunni, pro-Western Türkiye and the Gulf Arab States?" The research posits that Middle Eastern geopolitics can be more comprehensively understood through a framework that synthesizes material and ideational factors. It argues that the fluctuating convergence and divergence between these actors are primarily driven by ideational factors, with material considerations playing a significant secondary role. The study employs the regime security approach as its theoretical foundation, complemented by process tracing methodology to analyze the political, economic, and social dimensions of Türkiye-Gulf Arab States relations. This multifaceted approach aims to provide a nuanced understanding of regional realignments and contribute to the broader discourse on Middle Eastern security dynamics. By focusing on the interplay between ideational factors and regime security concerns, this research offers novel insights into the evolving nature of inter-state relations in the post-Arab Spring Middle East.