Design of Novel Tri-band Antenna for Wi-Fi, 5G Sub-6, band and WiMAX application Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

This paper presents a novel tri-band antenna achieved through Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA). The antenna's tri-band characteristics are realized by exciting two orthogonal modes and one higher-order mode at 2400 MHz, 3500 MHz, and 5200 MHz for Wi-Fi, 5G Sub-6, and WiMAX applications, respectively, with a broadside radiation pattern. The proposed antenna design involves modifying a circular patch antenna by inserting three equilateral triangle slots. The surface current distribution is reshaped during the antenna modification to achieve the desired frequencies with broadside radiation patterns. The addition of equilateral triangle slots increases the surface current path, resulting in a miniaturized antenna structure with size 0.32x0.32x0.01 in which is wavelength of lover band 2400MHz. All required modes are stimulated using a 50Ω coaxial feed line in full-wave electromagnetic simulation after the optimization of the proposed antenna using CMA. The proposed antenna's prototype is made of low-cost FR4 material and is validated by experimentation. The measured operating resonance frequencies, with impedance bandwidths at S11 ≤ −10 dB, are found to be 2395 MHz (2380-2420MHz), 3500 MHz (3450-3550MHz), and 5283 MHz (5200-5348). Corresponding broadside gains are measured at 5.6 dBi, 6.3 dBi, and 6.9 dBi, respectively.