Low Back Pain During Pregnancy

Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) during pregnancy is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition with significant physical, psychological, and clinical implications. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence, associated risk factors, and impact of pregnancy-related LBP across diverse populations to inform evidence-based prevention and management strategies. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2010 and May 2024. Eligible studies included observational research (cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control) focusing on LBP prevalence or risk factors in pregnant women. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers using a standardized form and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Due to heterogeneity, a qualitative synthesis was performed. Results: Seventeen eligible studies with over 174,000 participants were included. The prevalence of LBP during pregnancy varied from 15.6% to 75.3%, with the highest rates observed in the third trimester. Consistent risk factors included a prior history of LBP (OR up to 5.4), increased BMI, advanced gestational age, multiparity, low physical activity, and poor posture. Social determinants such as rural residence and lack of support were also associated. LBP was linked to disability (mild in 60%, severe in 10%), impaired quality of life, elevated anxiety/depression scores, and higher cesarean section rates. Despite this burden, one-third of affected women did not seek medical care. Conclusion: Pregnancy-related LBP is a common and disabling condition. Routine screening and targeted prenatal interventions are essential. Further standardized, longitudinal research is recommended.