ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MICROBES AND IBD (CROHN’S DISEASE) AND THEIR SENSITIVITY/RESISTANCE TO DRUGS

Immune dysregulation and an imbalance in the gut microbiota are hallmarks of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic, recurrent gastrointestinal disorder that is a subset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intricate interactions among host genetics, environmental variables, microbial dysbiosis, and immunological responses in CD pathogenesis are examined in this study. Recent research highlights a marked decline in microbial diversity and a move toward pro-inflammatory microbial communities in CD patients, including decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and elevated Escherichia coli. The article describes the structural and functional functions of important gut microbes in health and how immune activation, chronic inflammation, and mucosal barrier dysfunction are all impacted by their alteration. Additionally, it looks at how biologics and antibiotics affect microbial resistance and composition, emphasizing both the therapeutic advantages and unforeseen side effects such dysbiosis and multidrug resistance. The report also highlights how precision medicine techniques, like bacteriophage therapy, targeted microbial therapies, and microbial sensitivity profiling, have potential for improving CD care. Developing tailored treatments and enhancing long-term results for Crohn's disease require a thorough grasp of gut microbial dynamics and resistance mechanisms.