Developing the mushroom production industry in Vietnam in the context of a circular economy

Amid the transition toward a sustainable development model, the circular economy has increasingly emerged as a key strategic orientation for the agricultural sector. The mushroom production industry in Vietnam, characterized by its use of organic materials and the generation of highly reusable by-products, is considered a promising sector for the application of the circular economy. This paper systematizes the theoretical framework of the circular economy (CE) in mushroom production, provides an overview of the mushroom cultivation industry, and analyzes the current state of the sector in the context of the CE using the 5R strategic framework (Refuse – Reduce – Reuse – Recycle – Regenerate). Based on the identified challenges, the study proposes specific solutions to optimize the mushroom value chain, enhance resource efficiency, reduce emissions, and increase added value. The research findings contribute both theoretical and practical foundations for policy orientation in developing the mushroom industry under the circular economy model in Vietnam.