Approche anthropologique de la solitude

The article explores three levels of solitude and lists numerous instances of the role solitude has played in human civilization. Firstly, it is the personal, bodily and mental experience of self. Secondly, it is a geographical space experienced in various contexts as insanity (Baudelaire), paradise (Western colonizers), isolation (liberal capitalism), luxury/exclusion (worldwide phenomenon), escape (consumerism), and marginal/power-generating (Native Americans’ hunters and shamans). Thirdly, it is an indispensable tool for critical thinking and ethical revolt (Theodor Adorno), and a tool for building human solidarity (Hannah Arendt). Lastly, the author shares personal reflections about the role of solitude during the recent Covid pandemic. Following Levi-Strauss’ “science of the concrete,” the author uses personal experiences as well as scientific (historical and theoretical) examples to conclude that solitude can be both an expression of positive self-awareness and community-building and an instrument of individual and social destruction.