Analysis of epidemic trend of respiratory pathogens in children after long-term pathogen isolation

Four environmental factors-temperature, humidity, wind speed and sunshine time-exerted interactive effects ton respiratory pathogens prevalence. Influenza A and B viruses, <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and adenovirus exhibited seasonally prevalent patterns in winter, while respiratory syncytial virus showed lower prevalence in summer, and rhinovirus had no significant seasonal variation. The infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus and the number of expected infections decreased with the increase of age, whereas adenovirus, influenza virus, <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and bacterial pathogens showed age-related increases in both metrics. Gender-related differences were observed in higher infection rates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in men compared to women. Co-infection analysis revealed that respiratory syncytial virus exhibited the highest co-infection diversity, followed by influenza B virus, <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> showed inhibition of co-infection with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> had been shown to inhibit co-infection with <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. The lower respiratory tract infection rate of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and bacterial pathogens exceeded the overall infection rate. Infection rates of influenza B virus and adenovirus were lower than the overall rate, while those of influenza A and rhinovirus paralleled the overall rate. Analysis of statistical data from China and Gansu Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that most respiratory pathogens showed an increase in the infection rates post-COVID-19, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, indicating altered prevalence patterns in children due to prolonged exposure to isolated pathogens.