Linking Neurodiversity and the Adaptation to Emerging Technology: The Interplay between ADHD, Executive Functions, and Chatbot Acceptance

This study integrates technology acceptance with adaptation theory to explore the role of cognitive differences, specifically neurodiversity and executive functioning, in the adaptation to the use of chatbots. Using a chatbot providing knowledge on eco-driving, we examine how symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functions, such as cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, influence chatbot acceptance. Findings revealed that ADHD symptomatology did not correlate with cognitive flexibility but was linked to inhibitory control. Cognitive flexibility was the only factor significantly related to technology acceptance in perceived ease of use. However, no significant relationship was found with the intention to use the eco-driving chatbot in mediation analyses. The results highlight the importance of experience with chatbots in mitigating the impact of cognitive flexibility on technology acceptance. This enriches cognitive science and human factors research, offering insights on the role of cognitive flexibility in the perception of usability for inclusive technologies.