Express Declaration of Intent in Jointly-Incurred Debts of Spouses

《民法典》在夫妻共同债务制度领域引入了意思表示，哪些行为可以被评价为夫妻共同意思表示具有重要意义。除了共同签字和事后追认明确属于夫妻共同意思表示外，债务人配偶偿还债务的其他行为并不一定是表明自己愿意共同承担债务。本文通过分析债务人配偶明示的意思表示探讨什么情况下其行为可以被当作是夫妻共同意思表示从而形成夫妻共同债务。The “Civil Code” introduces the concept of manifestation of intention into the regime of spousal joint debts. Determining which acts may constitute a joint manifestation of intent by both spouses is of great significance. Apart from co-signing and express ratification after the fact, which clearly indicate a joint intent to assume the debt, other actions taken by the debtor’s spouse—such as repayment of the debt—do not necessarily imply a willingness to undertake joint liability. This article analyzes instances of express declarations of intent by the debtor’s spouse and explores under what circumstances such conduct may be interpreted as a manifestation of joint intent, thereby giving rise to spousal joint liability.