Advances in Studies on Fibrinolytic Enzymes of <i>Phascolosoma</i> <i>e</i><i>sculenta</i>

已有的研究发现可口革囊星虫内脏中存在着一种纤溶酶，它不仅可以直接降解纤维蛋白，还可以激活纤溶酶原从而起到溶解纤维蛋白的作用。该酶能有效溶解心脑血管中的血栓，可作为新型天然溶栓药。本研究综述了可口革囊星虫纤溶酶提取分离和纯化的方法与结果、理化性质和纤溶活性的检测方法、结果及机制，以及其体外溶栓性。并针对研究中存在的问题，提出应在提高纤溶酶纯度、创新提取工艺、实现工厂化生产、深入研究纤溶酶体内溶栓机制等方面加强研究，旨在为可口革囊星虫养殖、加工及其功能食品开发、溶栓药物开发提供理论参考。Previous studies have found that there is a plasmin in the viscera of Phascolosoma esculenta that directly degrades fibrin and activates plasminogen. The enzyme can effectively dissolve thrombus in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and can be used as a new natural thrombolytic drug. This study reviewed the methods and results of extraction, separation, and purification of P. esculenta fibrinolytic enzymes, physical and chemical properties, detection methods, results, and mechanisms of fibrinolytic activity, and its thrombolytic properties in vitro. In view of the problems in the research, it is proposed that the research should focus on improving the purity of fibrinolytic enzyme, innovating the extraction process, realizing factory production, and deeply studying the mechanism of thrombolytic in vivo. Provide theoretical references for aquaculture, processing, and functional food development, and thrombolytic drug development.