Research Progress on Anatomical Basis, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Application of Quadratus Lumborum Block

腰方肌阻滞(QLB)属于多模式镇痛，已用于腹部、下肢等手术中。QLB与腹横肌平面阻滞等麻醉方式相比，对内脏痛的削弱作用更为明显，但关于其解剖基础、作用机制等需进一步研究，以便为临床麻醉镇痛提供新的思路。本次研究就QLB的解剖基础、作用机制、局麻药物的选择、临床应用进行综述，以期为临床应用提供参考。Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) belongs to multimodal analgesia and has been used in abdominal, lower limb surgery and other surgeries. Compared with anesthesia methods such as transversus abdominis plane block, QLB has a more significant weakening effect on visceral pain. However, further research is needed on its anatomical basis and mechanism of action to provide new ideas for clinical anesthesia and analgesia. This study reviews the anatomical basis, mechanism of action, selection of local anesthetic drugs, and clinical application of QLB, in order to provide reference for clinical application.