El paisaje y la dinámica social del Holoceno tardío en el sector meridional de Punta Indio (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)

This paper presents archaeological research conducted in the southern sector of the Punta Indio district (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), with the aim of discussing the social dynamics of the human groups that inhabited the area during the Late Holocene and their relationship with the landscape. This sector was selected due to its location adjacent to the coastal zone of the Río de la Plata. Through a regional study contextualized in northeastern Buenos Aires, analyses of archaeological collections, systematic surveys, and excavations were carried out. As a result, a significant record associated with Late Holocene hunter-gatherer groups was identified, concentrated mainly in four sites: Los Tres Ombúes, Don Enrique, El Puesto, and Corral del Indio. The study of the different recovered materialities, along with radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses, allows the interpretation of social practices and interactions, as well as the settlement and mobility patterns involved in the social construction of the landscape by the inhabitants of the area, between approximately 1000 and 200 years BP. The records from each site provided evidence of everyday practices, while the similarities between these and sites in adjacent areas indicate the existence of regional-scale social interaction networks that operated during the Late Holocene and may have been connected to extra-regional networks. The shorelines of the Río de la Plata and the Samborombón and Salado rivers likely served as key routes for movement across this lowland landscape. This research is considered to offer a multidimensional perspective for the study of hunter-gatherer groups with limited material records, through the integration of diverse sources of information. Its results and interpretations shed light on the relationships with the landscape and the social dynamics of the past in northeastern Buenos Aires.